Baltic Coast — Poland

Dune stabilisation with native coastal plants

How marram grass, coastal pine stands, and native Baltic flora slow the advance of moving sands and protect the shoreline from erosion.

Coastal dunes at Słowiński National Park, Poland
~200 km
Length of active dune coastline along the Polish Baltic shore
Ammophila
Primary pioneer grass species binding mobile foredunes along the coast
18,000 ha
Area of Słowiński National Park, home to Europe's largest shifting dune complex

Why Baltic dunes need protection

Erosion pressure

Coastal retreat along the Polish shore

Storm surges and sustained westerly winds remove sand from foredune faces. Without persistent root systems, sand transport accelerates inland, threatening infrastructure, forests, and settlements.

Vegetation dynamics

From bare sand to stable dune heath

Coastal succession moves from bare sand colonised by Ammophila through transitional communities with Festuca and Carex to fixed dune heath dominated by Calluna and Empetrum.

Conservation

Protected habitats under EU Habitats Directive

Baltic dune habitats — including embryonic shifting dunes (2110), shifting dunes with marram grass (2120), and fixed dunes (2130) — are listed Annex I priority habitats under Directive 92/43/EEC.